Colour Value

Colour Value is defined as the relative lightness or darkness of a color. Value (lightness) describes overall intensity to how light or dark a color is. It is the only dimension of color that may exist by itself. 

These are the color value that we make using primary color; YELLOW, RED, BLUE. Starts with the color, we keep on adding white color to get the lightest color. 

Colour Temperature

Color temperatures over 5,000K are called cool colors (bluish white), while lower color temperatures (2,700–3,000 K) are called warm colors (yellowish white through red).

WARM COLOUR : 

• Yellow
• Yellow Orange
• Orange
• Orang Red
• Red
• Red Violet

COLD COLOUR

• Violet
• Violet Blue
• Blue
• Blue Green
• Green 
• Green Yellow

Hands-On Exercise : Elements Of Design

TEXT : A printed or written word that can be read.

ILLUSTRATION : A picture or something that illustrate. It is used to explain or decorate a text.

TEXTURE: The visual and especially tactile quality of a surface.

COLOUR : Specific hues and has 3 properties (Chroma, Intensity, Value).

SHAPE : 2-Dimensional line with no form or thickness : Flat.

LINE : A mark used to define a shape.

Colour Wheel

PRIMARY COLOURS - are colours that cannot be created through the mixing of other colours. The three primary colours is RED - YELLOW - BLUE.

SECONDARY COLOURS -  combine any two of the Primary Colour, then get three new mixtures called secondary colours.

Yellow + Red = ORANGE

Red + Blue = VIOLET or PURPLE

Blue + Yellow = GREEN

COLOUR WHEEL

Yellow 
Yellow Orange
Orange
Orange Red
Red
Red Purple
Purple
Purple Blue
Blue
Blue Green
Green
Green Yellow

Contour, Blind-Contour and Gesture Drawing

• Contour drawing.

• Blind-Contour Drawing : is a method of drawing, widely used by art teachers, where an artist draws the contour of a subject without looking at the paper.

• Gesture drawing.
• Suggestion line
• Basic line
• Rough structure
  

What is Colour?

Colour is the elements of art that can influence our emotions, our actions and how we respond to various people, things and ideas. Much has been studied and written about color and its impact on our daily lives. Colours are powers, and that colored stones are especially powerful.

Colours can convey emotions, express personality and send messages.

History of Typography

Typography is the art and technique of arranging type to make written language most appealing to learning and recognition. The arrangement of type involves selecting typefaces, point size, line length, line-spacing (leading), letter-spacing (tracking), and adjusting the space within letters pairs (kerning).

Typography is performed by typesetters, compositors, typographers, graphic designers, art directors, manga artists, comic book artists, graffiti artists, clerical workers, and everyone else who arranges type for a product. Digitization opened up typography to new generations of visual designers and lay users, and David Jury, Head of Graphic Design at Colchester Institute in England, states that "typography is now something everybody does."

History of Graphic Design

15,000-10,000 BC : The first known visual communication, with pictographs and symbols is the Lascaux caves in Southern France.

3600 BC : The Blau Monument, the oldest artifact known to combine words and pictures.

105 AD : Chinese government official Ts'ai Lun or Cai Lun credited with inventing paper.

1045 AD : Pi Sheng invents movable type, allowing for characters to be individually placed for printing.

1276 : Printing arrives in Europe with a paper mill in Fabriano, Italy.

1450 : Johann Gensfleisch zum Gutenburg credited with perfecting the system for printing type in books.

1460 : Albrecht Pfister the first to add illustrations to a printed book.

1470 : Nicolas Jenson, considered one of history's greatest typeface designers, sets new standard for Roman type.

1530 : Claude Garamond opens first type foundry, developing and selling fonts to printers.

1722 : First Caslon Old Style font developed.

1760 : Industrial Revolution begins, setting the stage for advances in graphic design production.

1796 : Author Aloys Senefelder develops lithography.

1800 : Lord Stanhope invents first printing press made of all cast-iron parts, requiring 1/10 the manual labor and doubling the possible paper size.

1816 : First San-Serif font makes a subtle entrance as one line of a book.

1860 : Arts and Crafts Movement - John Ruskin, William Morris, Gustav Stickley.

1861 : William Morris, who became a highly influential figure in design history, sets up art-decorating firm.

1880 : Development of halftone screen allows for first photo printed with a full range of tones.

1890 : Art Nouveau movement begins and changes design, making its way into all types of commercial design and utilizing all types of arts.

1901 : Frank Lloyd Wright - 'the Art and Craft of the Machine'; basic principles of modern industrial design; future designers create prototypes for machine production.

1910 : AEG (German general Electri). This is the beginning of  'corporate image'.

1916 : Dada Movement. George Grosz, Hannah Hoch, Kurt Schwitters, Marx, Ernts, Marcel Duchamp, Andre Breton, Hans Arp.

1917 : The Art movement called De Stijl, Dutch for 'The Style' was on the rise.

1919 : The Bauhaus, a German school, is founded, eventually providing the framework formodern design.

1919 : Constructivism movement originated in Russia, El Lissitzky, Alexander Rodchenko, Vladimir Taltin, Naum Gabo.

1932 : Stanley Morison oversees design of Times New Roman font, commissioned by the Times of London.

1947 : Swiss design: Armin Hofmann, Emil Ruder.

1950 : The New York School: Paul Rand, Alexey Brodovich, Henry Wolf, Herb Lubalin, George Lois.

1956 : Paul Rand designs IBM logo using City Medium typeface.

1957 : Max Miedinger designs Neue Haas Grotesk font, later renamed Helvetica.

1960 : Pop Art; Pentagram Design: Colin Forbes, Theo Crosby; Scandinavian Designer: Alvar Aalto.

1961 : Italian Designer: Ettore Sottsass, Memphis group Movement.

1968 : Post-Modernism: Wolfgang Weigart, Steff Geissbuhler, Odermatt & Tissi.

1969: Douglas Engelbart develops first computer mouse, setting the stage for the future tool of graphic design.

1970 : Corporate graphics: Olivetti, CBS, CIBA, Chase, Mobil.

1979 : New Wave: April Greiman, Kenneth Hiebert, Paula Scher.

1984 : Apple releases first Macintosh computer, featuring bitmap graphics.

1985 : Aldus, formed by Paul Brainerd, develops PageMaker software. Brainerd coins the phrase Desktop Publishing.

1990 : Photoshop version one is released.

 

1990 : Physicist Tim Berners-Lee develops the world wide web, along with HTML and the concept of website addresses.

What is Graphic Design?

Graphic design is the methodology of visual communication, and problem-solving through the use of type, space and image.

Common uses of graphic design include identity (logos and branding), publications (magazines, newspapers and books), print advertisements, posters, billboards, website graphics and elements, signs and product packaging.

Logo - is a graphic mark, emblem, or symbol commonly used by commercial enterprises, organizations and even individuals to aid and promote instant public recognition.

Book Design - is the art of incorporating the content, style, format, design, and sequence of the various components of a book into a coherent whole.

Website - also written as web site, or simply site, is a set of related web pages typically served from a single web domain.

Icon / Symbol - a mark or character used as a conventional representation of an object, function, or process.

Brochures -  is a flyer, pamphlet or leaflet that is used to pass information about something. Brochures are advertising pieces mainly used to introduce a company or organization and inform about products target audience

Product Packaging - the process of design, evaluation, and production of packages. 

Greeting Cards -  is an illustrated, folded card featuring an expression of friendship or other sentiment. They are also sent to convey thanks or express other feeling.

Poster -  is any piece of printed paper designed to be attached to a wall or vertical surface.Typically posters include both textual and graphic elements.

Advertisement - is a form of marketing communication used to encourage, persuade, or manipulate an audience to take or continue to take some action.

Billboard - is a large outdoor advertising structure, typically found in high-traffic areas such as alongside busy roads. Present large advertisements to passing pedestrians and drivers.